The ancestor of the modern Olympic Games, the Olympic Games of ancient Greece brought together the Greek cities every four years in the Stadium of Olympia during very prestigious sporting events. Despite the fratricidal rifts between the cities, these meetings ensure the cultural and community cohesion of Hellenism.
Honoré-Gabriel Riquetti, Count of Mirabeau, is a French writer and politician from the start of the Revolution. After a tumultuous youth marked by romantic escapades, he was elected, although noble, as deputy of the Third Estate in 1789. This charismatic orator, despite an ungainly physique due to smallpox, will try in vain to reconcile revolutionary principles and constitutional monarchy.
In the Middle Ages, the knight was a fighting man on horseback, most often in the service of a king or feudal great lord. The term chivalry conjures up in our minds a whole dreamlike and fantastic universe that speaks to us of surpassing oneself, honor, loyalty, gratuity and courtesy which literature, then cinema has largely echoed. .
A regime that some have qualified, according to Churchill, as "the worst except all the others", democracy has not always flourished, as "The Century of Pericles" reminds us, compilation articles of a few pages by recognized authors, among which François Hartog.
Mayor of the palaces of Austrasia (716) and Neustria (719), Charles Martel becomes the sole master of the kingdom of the Franks (737-741). His nickname "Martel" (hammer) comes from the energy he deploys to impose his authority in the Merovingian kingdom. By his victory in Poitiers in October 732, he put an end to the progress of Arab Muslims in Europe and appeared in the eyes of the Christian world as the champion of the Cross.
Tutankhamun (1345-1327 BC) was a pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, son of Akhenaten, whom he succeeded. He came to the throne around the age of eight and reigned until his death, at the age of eighteen. During his reign, peace settled in Egypt as the cult of Amun, abandoned by Akhenaten, was reestablished and Thebes, the sacred city of Amun, again became the capital of Egypt.
American politician and 16th President of the United States from 1861 to 1865, Abraham Lincoln was the first representative of the Republican Party to be elected to this post. Deeply religious and staunch abolitionist, although moderate, his election will trigger the Civil War: the slave states of the South will leave the Union.
1945: Colonel Juan Perón is brought to power by a coup in Argentina. 1933: Fleeing Nazi Germany, physicist Albert Einstein takes refuge in the United States. 1854: Franco-British troops lay siege in front of Sebastopol, Crimea. 1797: France and Austria sign the Peace of Campo-Formio.
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1954: Beginning of the insurrection in Algeria. 1952: The United States explodes the first H-bomb. 1814: Beginning of the Congress of Vienna, aiming to rule on the new European balance after the fall of Napoleon . 1789: The National Assembly being constituted envisages the confiscation of the property of the clergy.
Built in the 4th century by the will of Emperor Constantine and his mother Helena, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher is one of the most sacred places in Christianity. It is located on the site of the cave where the body of Jesus of Nazareth is said to have been laid. Patiently maintained and enlarged by the successors of Constantine, who became the Byzantine emperors after the fall of Rome, visited by thousands of pilgrims, the Holy Sepulcher entered with the 7th century a more troubled period.
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1993: The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to Nelson Mandela, head of the ANC, and South African President Frederik de Klerk. 1990: The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to Mikhail Gorbachev. 1964: Nikita Khrushchev is removed from his duties as first secretary of the CPSU. 1946: Hermann Goering commits suicide in prison, on the eve of his execution for war crimes.
The book in the Middle Ages was an essential tool for the transmission of culture. The books were then mainly written by men of the Church for other men of Church and for the rulers. European libraries contain a large part of our cultural and artistic heritage, to which the advent of Christianity greatly contributed by giving the book a sacred aura.
Joan of Arc is an essential figure in the history of France, even if her role in the events of the Hundred Years War was ultimately secondary, in any case compared to Charles VII, the real winner of the English long after the death of the Maid of Orleans. His myth has been maintained since its end at the stake by a number of more or less reasonable and credible theories, on its origins, its supports, or even the reality of its death.
On November 16, 1532, the Inca Emperor Atahualpa was captured in the midst of his retinue by a small group of Spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro. This daring attack, coupled with a terrible massacre, would spell the end of the Inca Empire and begin its conquest by the Spaniards. Yet there was no indication that a handful of Spanish adventurers would, in a single day, deal a fatal blow to pre-Columbian America's largest empire.
A cabaret dancer and spy during World War I, Mata Hari is the ideal character in a spy novel. Behind this myth, stemming from the exoticism of her tinsel as a dancer and the mystery of her spy activity, hides a simple seductress who was far from predestined for espionage.
1962: The French approve by referendum the election of the head of state by universal suffrage. 1886: The Statue of Liberty is inaugurated in the port of New York. 1628: La Rochelle, the last Protestant place of security capitulates in front of Richelieu. 1492: Christopher Columbus discovers Cuba during his first voyage to the New World.
Short biography of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) - Geneva writer, philosopher and musician, Rousseau is one of the great figures of the Age of Enlightenment. His main works, Discourse on Sciences and the Arts, Discourse on Inequality among Men, La Nouvelle Héloïse, Le Contrat Social and Emile were to be a resounding success.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance founded on April 4, 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington. It was born in the climate of the Cold War, and is intended to discourage any aggression from the USSR by ensuring the countries of Western Europe the permanent military support of the United States which they lacked during the first Hitlerian aggressions, at the start of World War II.
